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Bijar |
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Bijar is one of the fine weaves
of Iran and carpet weaving in this area has been a
traditional occupation for hundreds of years. Throughout
their history the weavers of Bijar have used up to three and
even five wefts in each row of knots. This is a much heavier
carpet than the typical Sanandaj style. They should always
be rolled instead of folded before being moved. There are
various designs in Bijar carpets.
Some of the dominant
designs are as follows: Botteh, Harati, Min ZeII-e-sultan,
Golfarang (flower bouquets). The size of Bijar carpets is
approximately 1.5 up to 10 square metres. Runners are
relatively rare. All the carpets of this area have Ghiordes
(Turkish) knots and are thick- piled. The dominant colours
in this region are red, blue, indigo, ivory and pink.
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Bijar
Although the small Kurdish town of bijar in the province of
Kermanshah has hardly ten thousand inhabitants, the high
quality of its carpets has gained it an international
reputation. Concern for this reputation for high quality,
has led to the clear distinction between the products of the
Bijar town workshops and the Tekab-Bijar, which are woven by
art Afshari
tribe who are settled in the area.
The characteristic weft technique used in the Bijar area has
led to the term ‘Bijar – structure’ to describe the use of a
single weft shoot, thick and tautly stretched after every
row of knots. The strong tension of the weft pulls the warps
into two layers, giving the carpet great rigidity, although
if handled carelessly or folded, it will crack and tear.
Carpets with a Bijar
structure (other areas to use the Bijar structure) must
therefore be rolled for transport (larger pieces may he
rolled around a tube).
Sizes: all sizes, especially from about 1 x 1.50 m (3 ft. 3
in. 5 ft.) upwards. Large pieces of over 12 sq. m (130 sq.
ft.) are common. Runners are relatively rare.
Colors: ground colors are harmonious, a product of the
blending of subtle pattern shades, Dark blue and a strong
red predominate; brown and yellow are also used but green is
rare. Sonic old bijars are woven with combinations of light
and dark blue.
Patterns: medallion designs are common, as are botch, Herati
and mina- khani designs in endless repeats often with
multiple borders or guard stripes.
Foundation: warps are of cotton or, less frequently, goat’s
wool; wefts are cotton and both warp and weft yarns are
tightly spun. In old and antique pieces warps and wefts are
of wool.
Knots: the weave is in the Turkish knot, medium tine to
fine, with knot counts of 1,500-2,500 knots per sq. dm
(100-160 per sq. in.). Persian knotted pieces are also found
in otherwise similar structures.
Pile: a very dense hard pile, cut medium to high, although
old and antique finely woven pieces tend to be clipped
lower.
Quality: Bijar carpets are counted among the hest Oriental
carpets for everyday use with an extremely tough and rigid
handle. Modern Bijar workshop carpets are still of excellent
design and construction.
Tekab - Bijar
The novice would find it hard to distinguish this type of
bijar carpet, which is woven by an Afshari tribe in the
vicinity of the town, front the carpets woven in the bijar
workshops. The Tekah-bijar is therefore not a genuine
Kurdish article. Nevertheless, it has proved itself to be of
reliable quality and, because of its less rigid Structure;
it is sometimes preferred to the urban products of Bijar.
Sizes: colors and patterns as for those of bijar.
Foundation: warps and wefts are of cotton. wefts being of
rather thin two-ply yarn and not as firmly beaten down
against the knots as in urban Bijar carpets. The thin wefts
tend to cause curling of the selvages and the sides of the
carpet arc sometimes reinforced with strips of cardboard.
Wool foundations were used in some old and antique pieces.
Knots: mainly woven in the Turkish knot with knot densities
of 1,500-2,500 knots per sq. dm (100-16o per sq. in.)
Pile: the excellent wool — similar to that used for the town
carpets — is cut medium high to high, although old and
antique pieces may have a flat pile.
Quality: very high, similar to urban Bijar carpets.
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