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Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari |
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The
provinces of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari are two different
zones joined together. A district of this province named
Bakhtiftri is situated between the Zagros Mountains
stretching as far as Khuzestan. On the eastern part of the
dividing line from Zagros towards Esfahan is Chahar Mahal.
The
district of Bakhtiari and Chahar Mahal is the main centre
and the summer quarters of the big Bakhtiari tribe. The
route of their migration is around Shahr-e-Kord, which
extends to the border of Nasjed-Soleyman and lzeh (in
Khuzestan).
Carpets
weaving in this area was first introduced not more than one
hundred and eighty years ago.
It would be
better to explain that the carpets known as Bakhtiari are
not the production of the nomadic tribesmen. These are
rather woven by craftsmen of the cities and villages the
Armenians and nomads who have settled in the Chahar Mahal
area.
The quality
and the weaving technique of Bakhtiari rugs vary from
locality to locality. The knots are Ghiordes and the weft
can be single or double, depending on the place where it's
produced.
These rugs
are relatively coarse and durable. However, one can also
find decorative and beautiful carpets with interesting and
pleasant designs made of natural and brilliant colours,
either those woven for Bakhtiari tribal chiefs or those
which are produced under the patronage of the Iranian Carpet
Company.
The dyers
often prefer to use natural colours to dye the fibres of the
carpet. Their preference for the background is mostly red,
blue, green, golden yellow, turquoise, dark blue and brown.
Small rugs
such as Zar-o-nim and Do-zar up to 12 square metres are
produced in this province.
Amongst a
large variety of Bakhtiari designs, the one in particular
that dominates is the mosaic design or repeated panels. In
this type of rug, the field appears with a regular
quadrangular and hexagon network.
Each of
these panels contain different motifs, woven separately,
such as the weeping willow tree, cypress tree, vases full of
flowers, a bird on a branch and the Botteh. In these panels,
there is no similarity to each other neither design nor in
colours.
Nowadays,
in Ghom, Birjand and Tabriz, finer carpets are produced,
imitating the original patterns of the Bakhtiari rugs.
Important
centres for carpets weaving in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari
are Shahr-e-Kord (main centre of the province situated one
hundred and seven kilometres South-west of Esfahan) and the
surrounding villages, Chal-shotor, Saman, Shalamzar, the
town of Borujen and the depending villages such as Boldaji,
and Faradonbe. In these localities, in addition to the
mosaic designs, rugs with Esfahan motifs are also woven.
Owlad, a
tribe of the Lors, (South-west of the Bakhtiar district)
weaves medium low-priced carpets in mosaic designs whereas
another nomadic tribe of the Lors named Yalmeh produce
medium fine rugs. The sizes are from the smallest (Poshti)
up to eight square metres.
There is a
great difference and a complete contrast in the geometrical
designs with Bakhtiari patterns woven in Yalmeh. Their style
is similar to that of the Ghasgha'i rugs. Yalmeh rugs are
generally traded in the Esfahan and Shahreza markets.
Occasionally they are classified as Shiraz rugs. |
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