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Kordestan and Kermanshahan |
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The mountainous areas of these
two western provinces of Iran are very suitable for grazing
sheep and cattle. The main weaving centres in Kordestan are
Sanandaj (the capital of the province once known as Senneh)
and Bijar. In the province of Kermanshahan only a few
centres such as Kermanshah and Songhor-Kolyai produce
carpets.
The quality of carpets in these later cities is not
as good as those of Sanandaj and Bijar . In Kermanshah and
its surrounding villages most of the rugs are woven in the
form of runners and are thick-piled.
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The Kurds
The carpets of the mountain Kurds that come onto the Persian
market place art known as Kurdistani or Kurdish, and include
those produced in the neighboring areas of Anatolia and
Iraq. In addition imaginative labels are devised by the
trade, especially when the origin of the piece is not clear.
The mountain Kurds live from cotton, cereal and tobacco
cultivation, and in the north of the region predominantly
from sheep and goat herding. They are a proud people and the
gun is an integral part of male dress. The sedentary amongst
them live in fortified defensible settlements. The Kurds are
strict mostly Shi’ite Muslims, almost always monogamous and
the women live under orthodox family discipline, although
without the veil.
Sizes: small pieces, 0.80-1.50 m x 1.00-2.00 m(3 ft.- 5 ft.
x 3 ft. 3 in.- 6 ft. 6 in.) are most common. Few runners and
larger carpets are produced although small squarer pieces
are sometimes found.
Colors: various shades of deep red, warm sand and brow n
tones are popular. Good green, blue and yellow tunes are
produced with natural dyes but are relatively rarely used.
Synthetic dyes are found rather
infrequently.
Patterns: designs are often very simple but not without
charm. Floral designs are strongly stylized and differ
greatly depending on the tribal style and tradition. Mini-khani
Shah Abbas and arabesque patternsused in simplified forms
adapted to the coarse weave — were applied above all, in old
and antique pieces.
Foundation: warps and welts are mainly of wool, occasionally
of cotton; Anatolian Kurdish pieces arc also found with
warps of goats’ hair. The weft yarn in Kurdish carpets is
often dyed.
Knots: the weave is very coarse to coarse, in the Turkish
knot, with knot densities from 500-1,000 knots per sq. dm
(30-60 per sq. in.).
Pile: cut high to very high, often with a ‘floppy’ handle.
Quality: a number of different qualities can he
distinguished especially in the Anatolian products some of
which may have discordant colors. Old and antique pieces,
which can still be found occasionally, are good
furnishing carpets as well as being admired by many
connoisseurs.
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