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Tabriz |
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Tabriz, capital of Azarbaijan,
has for centuries enjoyed a great reputation as an important
weaving centre in Iran. In this city, carpet weaving has had
a long record.
During the period of Mongol
domination (1221-1449), the city of Tabriz, together with
the city of Harät (in ancient Khorasan), was one of the
outstanding trade centres where the carpet industry was in
its utmost stage of evolution. For many long years, Tabriz
carpets, with their interesting designs, durability,
fineness, and pleasant colours have always been sought after
in Iran and abroad. In the last seventy years the prevailing
designs consist of vases with flowers, trees, animals,
hunting-scenes, Mehrabi (prayer rugs) with candelabra,
branches and leaves with scattered tiny flowers, repeated
panels, overall panels, and panoramic.
The dimension of Tabriz
productions vary from the smallest up to the biggest sizes.
Depending on the design and the
fineness of the rug, Tabriz craftsmen can tie about eight
thousand to twelve thousand knots daily and those who are
skilled and professional tie up to fifteen thousand knots a
day. ri Tabriz, throughout the past years, numerous
workshops have been installed and have been active, among
which Sadaghiani, Dilmaghani, Tabfltabai, Emand, AIa-baft,
Javan and Mashayekhi can be mentioned. Due to their artistic
merit, the production of rugs in these factories were and
still are in great demand by local and foreign buyers. Some
of these designs have been copied by others weavers in
different parts of Iran such as Ghom and Kerman as well as
in Pakistan and Rumania.
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Tabriz, capital of the north western Iranian province of
Azerbaijan, has for, centuries enjoyed a great reputation as
a centre of Oriental culture, The vicissitudes of its
history, its development from a naturally favored oasis at
the foot of the volcano Sahand, to today’s commercial
centre, and descriptions of its artists and craftsmen could
fill many volumes. Here the author can only glance at those
historical milestones which provide a rough
outline of its cultural contribution to the Oriental carpet.
The tradition that Tabriz was founded in the 8th century by
the wife of Harun al-Raschid will not bear historical
scrutiny. The origins of the town stretch far back into
antiquity.
Genghis Khan (e.1162-1227), Timur (l336.l405) and Shah
Ishmail I (1501-1524), the founder of the Safavid dynasty,
all conquered this fulcrum between east and west and made it
into one of the great cities of their empires. But it was in
Shah Abbas the Great (1586-1628) that Tabriz found its most
cultured patron. Wars and severe natural catastrophes such
as devastation by earthquake have never overwhelmed the town
and its people over the centuries.
In the middle Ages, Tabriz saw a blossoming of the fine arts
which influenced the development of carpet design.
Manuscript illuminators. Silk embroiderers miniature
painters and metal workers all inspired the carpet weavers.
The catty 18th century saw the end of the Safavid Empire and
the decline of the town. Craftsmanship fell into decay. When
Heinrich Jacohi of Berlin set up his Persian carpet
manufacturing company (Petog) in Tabriz in 1911, only an
insignificant number of the hundreds of carpet workshops of
earlier days remained. His restoration of traditional wool
colors and carpet patterns led to a renaissance of weaving
in the town.
Sizes: large variations, up to 12 sq. m (130 sq. ft.) and
above.
Colors: dark red and powerful blue predominate, with ivory
as a contrasting color.
Patterns: the typical Tabriz is a medallion carpet of
baroque style appealing to the European taste in art.
Patterns in endless repeats of rosettes and palmettos (the
Shah Abbas pattern) are also part of the local repertoire.
Designs from all other areas are also woven.
Foundation: warps are mostly cotton; wefts either cotton or
wool.
Knots: Turkish or Persian knots, up 2,500 knots per sq. dm
(160 per sq. in.).
Pile: wool, generally clipped short to medium high;
occasionally silk. The wool is somewhat dull, as is most
obtained in Azerbaijan.
Quality: new products are generally good furnishing carpets
but with some variations in quality. Old and antique
traditional carpets, in most cases finely woven, are rare in
the trade, and antique silk carpets rarer still.
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